vocabulary units 1/2
grammar

1.there is there are
1 there´s a famous cathedral in barcelona
2 there are two emails for you
3 there is an owl in that tree
4 there is a gym a swimming pool and two tennis courts
5 there are 26 letters in the english alphabet
2. can cant´t

1 i can swin well
2 cats can see in the dark
3 i can´t speak arabic
4 penguins can´t fly
5 matt can run fast
6 i can play the piano

3 have has got
1 i´ve got a pen friend
2 matt has got long hair
3 sadie has got a computer
4 i have got an alarm clock
5 cheetahs have got very powerful legs
6 nick bowen has got an interesting job


worbook unit 1
1 there is there are
2can can´t
3 build vocabulary
4 have got/haven´t got
5 reading
6 key vocabulary
7 vocabulary revision
8 like enjoy + ing
9 personal questions
10 learing diary

Portada

RÍO DE JANEIRO. (EUROPA PRESS) El gobernador del estado de Alagoas (este), hasta ahora el más afectado por las inundaciones que están afectando el noreste de Brasil, y que han provocado decenas de muertes, afirmó este lunes que el saldo de esta catástrofe en su región es de 22 muertos y un millar de desaparecidos. Se trata de unas cifras que contrastan con las ofrecidas por la Defensa Civil del estado, que por el momento ha confirmado 26 muertes y sitúan el número de desaparecidos en 607, de los que medio millar se han registrado en la localidad de Uniao dos Palmares. En esta localidad, además, hay nueve muertes confirmadas.

SOLAR PANEL

Our houses in 2020
our houses in 2020 will bevery good forenvironmet because we will use solar panels in every houses.

Now only a few houses have solar panels to produce electricity.

The panels uses the energy from the sun to get energy.
Students representing 17 universities from around world began a 10-day competition in Madrid Friday to design and build the best house run only by solar energy.

The Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE) competition, which brought together student architects and engineers, will conclude on June 27 with the jury naming three winners.

Would you like to live in a house like this?

Do you think this has any problem?

What are the advantages?

On 17th of June, the Spanish selection plsyed with Suiza. Spain don´t win. Today we are going to play with Honduras. Tosay he need win because if eliminate.

I was wearing a red and yellow t-shirt and it has got a yellow name with the football player´s name. My favourite player is David Villa. He´s Asturian.

The people Spanish follow to the Spanish Selection. There are many people watching to the Spanish Selection.

The life of a student

Secundary students always wear an uniform at school.
We usually do our homework, the classes start at quarter past eight and finish at quarter past two. We have a lot of subjects. We have two breaks but primary school only have one. After school we have to do our homework and someone have extra classes or sports.
In Villaviciosa we can swim, play tennis, play basketball...
And now what about you?
what time do you go to school?
have you got extra classes?
What is your favorite subject?
Do you have a lot of homework?
Did you get a good marks?

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was a navigator from Genoa, Italy,a colonizer, and explorer, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by at least one other group, the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.The term "pre-Columbian" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors.The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus. The original name in 15th century Genoese language was Christoffa Corombo.The name is rendered in modern Italian as Cristoforo Colombo, in Portuguese as Cristóvão Colombo,in Catalan as Cristòfor Colom, and in Spanish as Cristóbal Colón.Columbus's initial 1492 voyage came at a critical time of growing national imperialism and economic competition between developing nation states seeking wealth from the establishment of trade routes and colonies. In this sociopolitical climate, Columbus's far-fetched scheme won the attention of Isabella I of Castile. Severely underestimating the circumference of the Earth, he estimated that a westward route from Iberia to the Indies would be shorter than the overland trade route through Arabia. If true, this would allow Spain entry into the lucrative spice trade — heretofore commanded by the Arabs and Italians. Following his plotted course, he instead landed within the Bahamas Archipelago at a locale he named San Salvador. Mistaking the lands he encountered for the East Indies, he referred to the inhabitants as "indios".There is a linguistic urban legend that he actually named them "una gente in Dios",and that in 1492 India was called Hindustan, but he never used the phrase "una gente in Dios" and India had been called India for centuries and the name 'Hindustan' did not become common until some time after Columbus.The anniversary of Columbus's 1492 landing in the Americas is usually observed as Columbus Day on 12 October in Spain and throughout the Americas, except Canada. In the United States it is observed annually on the second Monday in October.

Los mayas ,incas y aztecas
La civilización maya habitó una vasta región denominada Mesoamérica, en el territorio hoy comprendido por cinco estados del sureste de México
Durante ese largo tiempo, en ese territorio se hablaron cientos de dialectos que generan hoy cerca de 44 lenguas mayas diferentes.



Los mexicas
llamados en la historiografía occidental aztecas — fueron un pueblo indígena de filiación nahua que fundó México-Tenochtitlan y hacia el siglo XV en el periodo Posclásico tardío se convirtió en el centro de uno de los Estados más extensos que conoció Mesoamérica asentados en un islote al poniente del Lago de Texcoco hoy prácticamente desecado, sobre el que se asienta la actual Ciudad de México.



Los incas, antiguamente inga
fueron los gobernantes del imperio aborigen más extenso de América precolombina. También eran usados los términos Cápac Inca
El primer sinchi cusqueño en utilizar el título de inca fue Inca Roca, fundador también de la dinastía Hanan Cuzco. El último inca en el gobierno fue Atahualpa. Posteriormente el título es usado por los que opusieron resistencia a la conquista del Imperio inca, como los casos de Manco Inca o Túpac Amaru I.
Ana Riestra Dindurra

Christopher Colombus

Christopher Columbus (1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator from Genoa, Italy,[1] a colonizer, and explorer, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".

Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by at least one other group, the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows[2]— Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.

The term "pre-Columbian" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors.

Mayas

The Mayan buildings were made of wood and stone basically. Among the woods are preferred coba and sapote, being very resistant to termite attacks. Among the stones were used limestone, sandstone, marble, etc..
They performed all types of buildings: palaces rectangular and elongated, temples, ball courts, causeways (sacbeob) linking the main towns, forts, steam baths (temazcal).
Major pyramids are preserved in stone. On top of these stood the temple. They were decorated with paintings of a wide range of colors, and embossing. Some of these are inscriptions of the Maya hieroglyphic writing, not yet fully deciphered. The most important buildings of this period were Copan, Quirigua, Piedras Negras, Palenque and Tikal.
Claudia y Laura

Christopher Columbus (1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator from Genoa, Italy,[1] a colonizer, and explorer, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".

Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by at least one other group, the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows[2]— Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.

Incas

The center of the Inca Empire was the city of Cuzco - Cuzco today - which was the capital of the empire Tahuantinsuyo, whose foundation was attributed to Manco Capac and it was destroyed by the Spanish to use their churches and residential building materials. Was integrated with Vilcanota River Valley - Urubamba current - called the Sacred Valley to the city of Machu Picchu.

Cuzco was a center surrounded by several peripheral populations, including the great fortress of Sacsahuamán, composed of three levels of walls crowned by a citadel and three large towers made up of large granite blocks properly adjusted.
Claudia y Laura

Aztecas

In the geographical area that corresponds to the southern half of Mexico today, there developed a great cultural activity from about 2000 years a. C. In this region lived in different towns, some of which we have all left their thriving culture, as is the case of the archaeological city of Teotihuacan, and deserted when the Spanish arrived. In the central Mexican plateau from the late seventh century until the mid-twelfth century, the Toltec culture was developed that was to merge with the Maya in their expansion to the Yucatan.
Laura y Claudia.

Zeus - Júpiter
Hera - Juno
Afrodita - Venus
Artemisa - Diana
Demeter - Ceres
Perséfone - Proserpina
Apolo - Febo
Atenea - Minerva
Poseidón - Neptuno
Hades - Plutón
Hefesto - Vulcano
Ares - Marte
Hermes - Mercurio
Rea - Cibeles
Dionisio - Baco
Eros - Cupido
Cronos- Saturno
Gea- Tellus

1.- Cultura madre de la Civilización Occidental.
2.- La Democracia (Sistema político que tenían losAtenienses).
3.- La Geometría Euclidiana (Geometría desarrollada por elmatemático Euclides).
4.- La Filosofía (Forma que usaban los griegos para tratarde explicar el mundo. Existieron un gran número decorrientes filosóficas en la antigua Grecia).
5.- El Teatro (Con sus géneros: Tragedia, Comedia, Drama)

El Juramento Hipocrático, es un juramento público que pueden denunciar los que se gradúan en medicina ante los otros médicos y ante la comunidad. Su contenido es de carácter ético, para orientar la práctica de su oficio.
Juramento hipocratico moderno en castellano
Juro por Apolo el Médico y Esculapio y por Hygeia y Panacea y por todos los dioses y diosas, poniéndolos de jueces, que éste mi juramento será cumplido hasta donde tenga poder y discernimiento. A aquel quien me enseñó este arte, le estimaré lo mismo que a mis padres; él participará de mi mantenimiento y si lo desea participará de mis bienes. Consideraré su descendencia como mis hermanos, enseñándoles este arte sin cobrarles nada, si ellos desean aprenderlo.
Instruiré por precepto, por discurso y en todas las otras formas, a mis hijos, a los hijos del que me enseñó a mí y a los discípulos unidos por juramento y estipulación, de acuerdo con la ley médica, y no a otras personas.
Llevaré adelante ese régimen, el cual de acuerdo con mi poder y discernimiento será en beneficio de los enfermos y les apartará del perjuicio y el terror. A nadie daré una droga mortal aun cuando me sea solicitada, ni daré consejo con este fin. De la misma manera, no daré a ninguna mujer pesarios abortivos. Pasaré mi vida y ejerceré mi arte en la inocencia y en la pureza.
No cortaré a nadie ni siquiera a los calculosos, dejando el camino a los que trabajan en esa práctica. A cualesquier casa que entre, iré por el beneficio de los enfermos, absteniéndome de todo error voluntario y corrupción, y de lascivia con las mujeres u hombres libres o esclavos.
Guardaré silencio sobre todo aquello que en mi profesión, o fuera de ella, oiga o vea en la vida de los hombres que no deban ser públicos, manteniendo estas cosas de manera que no se pueda hablar de ellas.
Ahora, si cumplo este juramento y no lo quebranto, que los frutos de la vida y el arte sean míos, que sea siempre honrado por todos los hombres y que lo contrario me ocurra si lo quebranto y soy perjuro.

JURAMENTO HIPOCRATICO

Guardaré el máximo respeto a la vida y dignidad humanas. No practicaré, colaboraré, ni participaré en acto o maniobra alguna que atente a los dictados de mi conciencia.

I will keep the utmost respect for human life and dignity. No i will practice, to cooperate, or will participate in any act or maneuver tha attenpts to the dictates of my conscience.

Laura y
Claudia

Greek gods by Sandra y Raquel

Mythology of Greece and the Greek Islands: The Olympian Gods


This section provides information about the 12 main gods of the Greek Mythology.After the Titanomachy between the gods of new and older generation for the rule of the world, Gods chose Mount Olympus as their residence, the highest mountain in Greece. Zeus was their leader and Hera was his sister-wife. The twelve Olympian Gods actually consisted of Zeus and his siblings, as well as some children of Zeus who were born later. People gave the gods special domains of rule and also attributed them human characteristics.

Zeus was the god of the earth and the sky. His symbols were the thunderbolt, the eagle, the bull and the oak. Although he was married to Hera, his elder sister, he would frequently cheat on her with many mortal women. other goddesses and nymphs. He is depicted in statues and paintings as a middle-aged man seating on his throne or throwing a thunderbolt. Hera was the queen of the Gods. Pictured as a middle-aged still charming woman,

Hera was the protector of women and marriage. She was jealous in character and when she knew about an infidelity of Zeus, his mistress would suffer a lot. The peacock was her symbol.According to the myth, Hera was also the protector of the Amazons. Poseidon, the god of the sea and the earthquakes, was much adored in ancient Greece. As many cities had a strong naval power,

Poseidon was the protector of these cities. He usually mated with nymphs of the water and had many children. His symbols were the trident, the dolphin, the fish and the horse. He was seen as an old man riding his horse-carriage out of the waves.

Hades, another brother of Zeus, was the ruler of the Underworld, the world of the dead. The ancient people depicted him as an old man with white hair and beard. His kingdom was found under the earth. Using a trick, this old man married a beautiful young girl, Persephone, daughter of goddess Demeter.

Hestia was the goddess of the hearth and the household. She was the noblest and most lovable goddesses for the ancient Greeks and she symbolized harmony in the family and the city. Every household and public building in ancient Greece had an altar dedicated to Hestia in the centre of a room that burnt all day and night. Hestia was never married or had children. Not being able to bear the continuous quarrels between the gods, Hestia left Olympus and went to live somewhere quieter, giving her place to Dionysus.

Aphrodite was the goddess of beauty. She was forever beautiful and young. Shallow in nature, Aphrodite has a lot of affairs with mortals. Her son was Cupid, the familiar young boy with wings who played with his arrows and made people fall in love. Aphrodite was no directly connected to Zeus. She was probably a generation older than the other Olympian Gods. The myth says that she was born out of the foam of the sea either near Paphos Cyrpus or near Kythira island.

Demeter was the goddess of grain and fertility. She maintained the circle of life on the earth (the circle of young and old, life and death), alternating the seasons and reviving nature in spring. She is depicted in statues holding a tuft of grain. A very important festival, the Elefsenian Mysteries, was held every year dedicated to Demeter and her daughter Persephone. Another famous god was Apollo, not a brother but a son of Zeus. Apollo and Artemis were twins that Zeus obtained from Leto, a mortal woman. Apollo was born in Delos, which later became his sacred island. He was the god of music and light, poetry and the arts, medicine, truth and prophecy. Note that the Oracles in ancient Greece were dedicated to god Apollo and people believed that god was actually speaking to them through the priests. He was pictured as a young, handsome and sensitive man.

Artemis, his twin sister, was a fierce female. She enjoyed sports and particularly hunting. Her symbols were the bow and arrows. She used to hide in the forests with her companions. Wild in nature, Artemis had asked her father never to confine her with marriage and she kept her virginity for all her life. Her female companions also ought to be virgins.

Ares, the god of warfare and violence, was son of Zeus and Hera. He was not a likable god in ancient Greece, which is why there are no many temples of Ares. However, people were afraid of his anger and included him in their offerings.

Athena was also a goddess of war, but more of strategic war, not violence like Ares. She was also the goddess of wisdom and justice. The daughter of Zeus and a mortal woman, Athena was born out of the head of Zeus when her pregnant mother was killed out of Hera's jealousy. Noble in nature, Athena didn't match with men and would mostly deal with warfare.

Hermes, the son of Zeus and the daughter of a Titan, was the most foxy of all the Olympian Gods. He was the messenger of the Gods, which is why he knew all their secrets. He was also the guide to the Underworld and the protector of thieves, shepherds, orators, road travelers and merchants. He wore winged sandals to fly and give messages quickly.

Apart from these twelve gods, there are many other deities of less importance, like nymphs, or of later generation, such as Dionysus, the protector of wine, festivals and theatre. Many of these gods were created by the mind of Greeks and have native characteristics, while other gods, like Dionysus, have been "imported" by eastern civilizations.One thing to notice is that the ancient Greek gods were gods because of their supernatural powers and eternity, not their character. They were far different from the modern notion of gods. The Olympian Gods were weak in nature and had faults, while they frequently merged with mortals and interfered with their lives. Actually, the ancient Greek gods were copies of human characters and society.

Greek Gods

GREEK GODS
ZEUS - Zeus is Greek mythology, the god of heaven and ruler of the Olympian gods. Zeus corresponds to the Roman god Jupiter.
HERA - Hera in Greek mythology, queen of the gods, daughter of Titans Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus.
HEPHAESTUS - Hephaestus, in Greek mythology, god of fire and metallurgy, the son of Zeus and Hera or, in some accounts, only son of Hera.
ARTEMIS - Artemis or Artemis (mythology), in Greek mythology, one of the principal goddesses, equivalent to the Roman goddess Diana.
APOLLO - Apollo (mythology) In Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Leto, daughter of a titan.
ATHENA - Athena, one of the most important goddesses in Greek mythology. In Latin mythology, became identified with the goddess Minerva, also known as Pallas Athena.
HADES - Hades, in Greek mythology, the god of the dead. He was the son of the Titan Cronus and Rhea and brother titánide Zeus and Poseidon. When the three brothers divided the universe after overthrowing his father, Cronus, Hades was awarded to the underworld.
POSEIDON - Poseidon, in Greek mythology, the god of the sea son of the Titan Cronus and Rhea titánide, and brother of Zeus and Hades. Poseidon was the husband of Amphitrite, one of the Nereids, who bore him a son, Triton.
ARES - Ares, in Greek mythology, the god of war and son of Zeus, king of the gods, and his wife Hera.
HERMES - Hermes, in Greek mythology, messenger of the gods, son of Zeus and of Maia, the daughter of the titan Atlas.
DIONYSUS - Dionysus, god of wine and pleasure, was among the most popular Gods. The Greeks spent many festivals this god quake, and in some regions became as important as Zeus.

By : Lord Jhosué Steven and Lady Javier Burgoa

Socrates

Nació en Atenas, donde vivió durante los dos últimos tercios del siglo V a.C., la época más espléndida en la historia de su ciudad natal, y de toda la antigua Grecia. Fue hijo de Sofronisco – motivo por el que en su juventud lo llamaban "Sōkrátis iōs Sofroniskos" (Sócrates hijo de Sofronisco) –, de profesión cantero, y de Fainarate, comadrona, emparentados con Arístides el Justo.Según Plutarco, cuando Sócrates nació su padre recibió del oráculo el consejo de dejar crecer a su hijo a su aire, sin oponerse a su voluntad ni reprimirle sus impulsos.[1] [2] No obstante, ni Jenofonte ni Platón mencionan esta intervención del oráculo, lo que hace pensar que pueda ser una tradición popular muy posterior.[1]
Desde muy joven, llamó la atención de los que lo rodeaban por la agudeza de sus razonamientos y su facilidad de palabra, además de la fina ironía con la que salpicaba sus tertulias con los ciudadanos jóvenes aristocráticos de Atenas, a quienes les preguntaba sobre su confianza en opiniones populares, aunque muy a menudo él no les ofrecía ninguna enseñanza.[cita requerida] Se casó con Xantipa (o Jantipa), que era de familia noble y trataba muy mal al filósofo -de ahí que los romanos apodaran a las mujeres de mal carácter como Xantipas-. Su inconformismo lo impulsó a oponerse a la ignorancia popular y al conocimiento de los que se decían sabios, aunque él mismo no se consideraba un sabio, aun cuando uno de sus mejores amigos, Querefonte, le preguntó al oráculo de Delfos si había alguien más sabio que Sócrates, y la Pitonisa le contestó que no había ningún griego más sabio que él (Apología 21a). Al escuchar lo sucedido, Sócrates dudó del oráculo, y comenzó a buscar alguien más sabio que él entre los personajes más renombrados de su época, pero se dio cuenta de que en realidad creían saber más de lo que realmente sabían. Filósofos, poetas y artistas, todos creían tener una gran sabiduría, en cambio, Sócrates era consciente tanto de la ignorancia que le rodeaba como de la suya propia. Esto lo llevó a tratar de hacer pensar a la gente y hacerles ver el conocimiento real que tenían sobre las cosas. Asumiendo una postura de ignorancia, interrogaba a la gente para luego poner en evidencia la incongruencia de sus afirmaciones; a esto se le denominó «ironía socrática», la cual queda expresada con su célebre frase «Yo sólo sé que no sé nada» (Εν οιδα οτι ουδεν οιδα / en oida oti ouden oida). Su más grande mérito fue crear la mayéutica, método inductivo que le permitía llevar a sus alumnos a la resolución de los problemas que se planteaban por medio de hábiles preguntas cuya lógica iluminaba el entendimiento. Según pensaba, el conocimiento y el autodominio habrían de permitir restaurar la relación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza.[cita requerida]
La sabiduría de Sócrates no consiste en la simple acumulación de conocimientos, sino en revisar los conocimientos que se tienen y a partir de ahí construir conocimientos más sólidos.
Esto le convierte en una de las figuras más extraordinarias y decisivas de toda la historia; representa la reacción contra el relativismo y subjetivismo sofista, y es un singular ejemplo de unidad entre teoría y conducta, entre pensamiento y acción. A la vez, fue capaz de llevar tal unidad al plano del conocimiento, al sostener que la virtud es conocimiento y el vicio ignorancia.
El poder de su oratoria y su facultad de expresión pública eran su fuerte para conseguir la atención de las personas.
Sócrates no escribió ninguna obra porque creía que cada uno debía desarrollar sus propias ideas. Conocemos sus ideas porque Platón se basó en ellas para escribir sus diálogos

DIOSES GRIEGOS