vocabulary units 1/2
grammar

1.there is there are
1 there´s a famous cathedral in barcelona
2 there are two emails for you
3 there is an owl in that tree
4 there is a gym a swimming pool and two tennis courts
5 there are 26 letters in the english alphabet
2. can cant´t

1 i can swin well
2 cats can see in the dark
3 i can´t speak arabic
4 penguins can´t fly
5 matt can run fast
6 i can play the piano

3 have has got
1 i´ve got a pen friend
2 matt has got long hair
3 sadie has got a computer
4 i have got an alarm clock
5 cheetahs have got very powerful legs
6 nick bowen has got an interesting job


worbook unit 1
1 there is there are
2can can´t
3 build vocabulary
4 have got/haven´t got
5 reading
6 key vocabulary
7 vocabulary revision
8 like enjoy + ing
9 personal questions
10 learing diary

Portada

RÍO DE JANEIRO. (EUROPA PRESS) El gobernador del estado de Alagoas (este), hasta ahora el más afectado por las inundaciones que están afectando el noreste de Brasil, y que han provocado decenas de muertes, afirmó este lunes que el saldo de esta catástrofe en su región es de 22 muertos y un millar de desaparecidos. Se trata de unas cifras que contrastan con las ofrecidas por la Defensa Civil del estado, que por el momento ha confirmado 26 muertes y sitúan el número de desaparecidos en 607, de los que medio millar se han registrado en la localidad de Uniao dos Palmares. En esta localidad, además, hay nueve muertes confirmadas.

SOLAR PANEL

Our houses in 2020
our houses in 2020 will bevery good forenvironmet because we will use solar panels in every houses.

Now only a few houses have solar panels to produce electricity.

The panels uses the energy from the sun to get energy.
Students representing 17 universities from around world began a 10-day competition in Madrid Friday to design and build the best house run only by solar energy.

The Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE) competition, which brought together student architects and engineers, will conclude on June 27 with the jury naming three winners.

Would you like to live in a house like this?

Do you think this has any problem?

What are the advantages?

On 17th of June, the Spanish selection plsyed with Suiza. Spain don´t win. Today we are going to play with Honduras. Tosay he need win because if eliminate.

I was wearing a red and yellow t-shirt and it has got a yellow name with the football player´s name. My favourite player is David Villa. He´s Asturian.

The people Spanish follow to the Spanish Selection. There are many people watching to the Spanish Selection.

The life of a student

Secundary students always wear an uniform at school.
We usually do our homework, the classes start at quarter past eight and finish at quarter past two. We have a lot of subjects. We have two breaks but primary school only have one. After school we have to do our homework and someone have extra classes or sports.
In Villaviciosa we can swim, play tennis, play basketball...
And now what about you?
what time do you go to school?
have you got extra classes?
What is your favorite subject?
Do you have a lot of homework?
Did you get a good marks?

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus was a navigator from Genoa, Italy,a colonizer, and explorer, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by at least one other group, the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.The term "pre-Columbian" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors.The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus. The original name in 15th century Genoese language was Christoffa Corombo.The name is rendered in modern Italian as Cristoforo Colombo, in Portuguese as Cristóvão Colombo,in Catalan as Cristòfor Colom, and in Spanish as Cristóbal Colón.Columbus's initial 1492 voyage came at a critical time of growing national imperialism and economic competition between developing nation states seeking wealth from the establishment of trade routes and colonies. In this sociopolitical climate, Columbus's far-fetched scheme won the attention of Isabella I of Castile. Severely underestimating the circumference of the Earth, he estimated that a westward route from Iberia to the Indies would be shorter than the overland trade route through Arabia. If true, this would allow Spain entry into the lucrative spice trade — heretofore commanded by the Arabs and Italians. Following his plotted course, he instead landed within the Bahamas Archipelago at a locale he named San Salvador. Mistaking the lands he encountered for the East Indies, he referred to the inhabitants as "indios".There is a linguistic urban legend that he actually named them "una gente in Dios",and that in 1492 India was called Hindustan, but he never used the phrase "una gente in Dios" and India had been called India for centuries and the name 'Hindustan' did not become common until some time after Columbus.The anniversary of Columbus's 1492 landing in the Americas is usually observed as Columbus Day on 12 October in Spain and throughout the Americas, except Canada. In the United States it is observed annually on the second Monday in October.

Los mayas ,incas y aztecas
La civilización maya habitó una vasta región denominada Mesoamérica, en el territorio hoy comprendido por cinco estados del sureste de México
Durante ese largo tiempo, en ese territorio se hablaron cientos de dialectos que generan hoy cerca de 44 lenguas mayas diferentes.



Los mexicas
llamados en la historiografía occidental aztecas — fueron un pueblo indígena de filiación nahua que fundó México-Tenochtitlan y hacia el siglo XV en el periodo Posclásico tardío se convirtió en el centro de uno de los Estados más extensos que conoció Mesoamérica asentados en un islote al poniente del Lago de Texcoco hoy prácticamente desecado, sobre el que se asienta la actual Ciudad de México.



Los incas, antiguamente inga
fueron los gobernantes del imperio aborigen más extenso de América precolombina. También eran usados los términos Cápac Inca
El primer sinchi cusqueño en utilizar el título de inca fue Inca Roca, fundador también de la dinastía Hanan Cuzco. El último inca en el gobierno fue Atahualpa. Posteriormente el título es usado por los que opusieron resistencia a la conquista del Imperio inca, como los casos de Manco Inca o Túpac Amaru I.
Ana Riestra Dindurra

Christopher Colombus

Christopher Columbus (1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator from Genoa, Italy,[1] a colonizer, and explorer, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".

Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by at least one other group, the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows[2]— Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.

The term "pre-Columbian" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors.

Mayas

The Mayan buildings were made of wood and stone basically. Among the woods are preferred coba and sapote, being very resistant to termite attacks. Among the stones were used limestone, sandstone, marble, etc..
They performed all types of buildings: palaces rectangular and elongated, temples, ball courts, causeways (sacbeob) linking the main towns, forts, steam baths (temazcal).
Major pyramids are preserved in stone. On top of these stood the temple. They were decorated with paintings of a wide range of colors, and embossing. Some of these are inscriptions of the Maya hieroglyphic writing, not yet fully deciphered. The most important buildings of this period were Copan, Quirigua, Piedras Negras, Palenque and Tikal.
Claudia y Laura

Christopher Columbus (1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator from Genoa, Italy,[1] a colonizer, and explorer, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".

Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by at least one other group, the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows[2]— Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.

Incas

The center of the Inca Empire was the city of Cuzco - Cuzco today - which was the capital of the empire Tahuantinsuyo, whose foundation was attributed to Manco Capac and it was destroyed by the Spanish to use their churches and residential building materials. Was integrated with Vilcanota River Valley - Urubamba current - called the Sacred Valley to the city of Machu Picchu.

Cuzco was a center surrounded by several peripheral populations, including the great fortress of Sacsahuamán, composed of three levels of walls crowned by a citadel and three large towers made up of large granite blocks properly adjusted.
Claudia y Laura

Aztecas

In the geographical area that corresponds to the southern half of Mexico today, there developed a great cultural activity from about 2000 years a. C. In this region lived in different towns, some of which we have all left their thriving culture, as is the case of the archaeological city of Teotihuacan, and deserted when the Spanish arrived. In the central Mexican plateau from the late seventh century until the mid-twelfth century, the Toltec culture was developed that was to merge with the Maya in their expansion to the Yucatan.
Laura y Claudia.

Zeus - Júpiter
Hera - Juno
Afrodita - Venus
Artemisa - Diana
Demeter - Ceres
Perséfone - Proserpina
Apolo - Febo
Atenea - Minerva
Poseidón - Neptuno
Hades - Plutón
Hefesto - Vulcano
Ares - Marte
Hermes - Mercurio
Rea - Cibeles
Dionisio - Baco
Eros - Cupido
Cronos- Saturno
Gea- Tellus

1.- Cultura madre de la Civilización Occidental.
2.- La Democracia (Sistema político que tenían losAtenienses).
3.- La Geometría Euclidiana (Geometría desarrollada por elmatemático Euclides).
4.- La Filosofía (Forma que usaban los griegos para tratarde explicar el mundo. Existieron un gran número decorrientes filosóficas en la antigua Grecia).
5.- El Teatro (Con sus géneros: Tragedia, Comedia, Drama)

El Juramento Hipocrático, es un juramento público que pueden denunciar los que se gradúan en medicina ante los otros médicos y ante la comunidad. Su contenido es de carácter ético, para orientar la práctica de su oficio.
Juramento hipocratico moderno en castellano
Juro por Apolo el Médico y Esculapio y por Hygeia y Panacea y por todos los dioses y diosas, poniéndolos de jueces, que éste mi juramento será cumplido hasta donde tenga poder y discernimiento. A aquel quien me enseñó este arte, le estimaré lo mismo que a mis padres; él participará de mi mantenimiento y si lo desea participará de mis bienes. Consideraré su descendencia como mis hermanos, enseñándoles este arte sin cobrarles nada, si ellos desean aprenderlo.
Instruiré por precepto, por discurso y en todas las otras formas, a mis hijos, a los hijos del que me enseñó a mí y a los discípulos unidos por juramento y estipulación, de acuerdo con la ley médica, y no a otras personas.
Llevaré adelante ese régimen, el cual de acuerdo con mi poder y discernimiento será en beneficio de los enfermos y les apartará del perjuicio y el terror. A nadie daré una droga mortal aun cuando me sea solicitada, ni daré consejo con este fin. De la misma manera, no daré a ninguna mujer pesarios abortivos. Pasaré mi vida y ejerceré mi arte en la inocencia y en la pureza.
No cortaré a nadie ni siquiera a los calculosos, dejando el camino a los que trabajan en esa práctica. A cualesquier casa que entre, iré por el beneficio de los enfermos, absteniéndome de todo error voluntario y corrupción, y de lascivia con las mujeres u hombres libres o esclavos.
Guardaré silencio sobre todo aquello que en mi profesión, o fuera de ella, oiga o vea en la vida de los hombres que no deban ser públicos, manteniendo estas cosas de manera que no se pueda hablar de ellas.
Ahora, si cumplo este juramento y no lo quebranto, que los frutos de la vida y el arte sean míos, que sea siempre honrado por todos los hombres y que lo contrario me ocurra si lo quebranto y soy perjuro.

JURAMENTO HIPOCRATICO

Guardaré el máximo respeto a la vida y dignidad humanas. No practicaré, colaboraré, ni participaré en acto o maniobra alguna que atente a los dictados de mi conciencia.

I will keep the utmost respect for human life and dignity. No i will practice, to cooperate, or will participate in any act or maneuver tha attenpts to the dictates of my conscience.

Laura y
Claudia

Greek gods by Sandra y Raquel

Mythology of Greece and the Greek Islands: The Olympian Gods


This section provides information about the 12 main gods of the Greek Mythology.After the Titanomachy between the gods of new and older generation for the rule of the world, Gods chose Mount Olympus as their residence, the highest mountain in Greece. Zeus was their leader and Hera was his sister-wife. The twelve Olympian Gods actually consisted of Zeus and his siblings, as well as some children of Zeus who were born later. People gave the gods special domains of rule and also attributed them human characteristics.

Zeus was the god of the earth and the sky. His symbols were the thunderbolt, the eagle, the bull and the oak. Although he was married to Hera, his elder sister, he would frequently cheat on her with many mortal women. other goddesses and nymphs. He is depicted in statues and paintings as a middle-aged man seating on his throne or throwing a thunderbolt. Hera was the queen of the Gods. Pictured as a middle-aged still charming woman,

Hera was the protector of women and marriage. She was jealous in character and when she knew about an infidelity of Zeus, his mistress would suffer a lot. The peacock was her symbol.According to the myth, Hera was also the protector of the Amazons. Poseidon, the god of the sea and the earthquakes, was much adored in ancient Greece. As many cities had a strong naval power,

Poseidon was the protector of these cities. He usually mated with nymphs of the water and had many children. His symbols were the trident, the dolphin, the fish and the horse. He was seen as an old man riding his horse-carriage out of the waves.

Hades, another brother of Zeus, was the ruler of the Underworld, the world of the dead. The ancient people depicted him as an old man with white hair and beard. His kingdom was found under the earth. Using a trick, this old man married a beautiful young girl, Persephone, daughter of goddess Demeter.

Hestia was the goddess of the hearth and the household. She was the noblest and most lovable goddesses for the ancient Greeks and she symbolized harmony in the family and the city. Every household and public building in ancient Greece had an altar dedicated to Hestia in the centre of a room that burnt all day and night. Hestia was never married or had children. Not being able to bear the continuous quarrels between the gods, Hestia left Olympus and went to live somewhere quieter, giving her place to Dionysus.

Aphrodite was the goddess of beauty. She was forever beautiful and young. Shallow in nature, Aphrodite has a lot of affairs with mortals. Her son was Cupid, the familiar young boy with wings who played with his arrows and made people fall in love. Aphrodite was no directly connected to Zeus. She was probably a generation older than the other Olympian Gods. The myth says that she was born out of the foam of the sea either near Paphos Cyrpus or near Kythira island.

Demeter was the goddess of grain and fertility. She maintained the circle of life on the earth (the circle of young and old, life and death), alternating the seasons and reviving nature in spring. She is depicted in statues holding a tuft of grain. A very important festival, the Elefsenian Mysteries, was held every year dedicated to Demeter and her daughter Persephone. Another famous god was Apollo, not a brother but a son of Zeus. Apollo and Artemis were twins that Zeus obtained from Leto, a mortal woman. Apollo was born in Delos, which later became his sacred island. He was the god of music and light, poetry and the arts, medicine, truth and prophecy. Note that the Oracles in ancient Greece were dedicated to god Apollo and people believed that god was actually speaking to them through the priests. He was pictured as a young, handsome and sensitive man.

Artemis, his twin sister, was a fierce female. She enjoyed sports and particularly hunting. Her symbols were the bow and arrows. She used to hide in the forests with her companions. Wild in nature, Artemis had asked her father never to confine her with marriage and she kept her virginity for all her life. Her female companions also ought to be virgins.

Ares, the god of warfare and violence, was son of Zeus and Hera. He was not a likable god in ancient Greece, which is why there are no many temples of Ares. However, people were afraid of his anger and included him in their offerings.

Athena was also a goddess of war, but more of strategic war, not violence like Ares. She was also the goddess of wisdom and justice. The daughter of Zeus and a mortal woman, Athena was born out of the head of Zeus when her pregnant mother was killed out of Hera's jealousy. Noble in nature, Athena didn't match with men and would mostly deal with warfare.

Hermes, the son of Zeus and the daughter of a Titan, was the most foxy of all the Olympian Gods. He was the messenger of the Gods, which is why he knew all their secrets. He was also the guide to the Underworld and the protector of thieves, shepherds, orators, road travelers and merchants. He wore winged sandals to fly and give messages quickly.

Apart from these twelve gods, there are many other deities of less importance, like nymphs, or of later generation, such as Dionysus, the protector of wine, festivals and theatre. Many of these gods were created by the mind of Greeks and have native characteristics, while other gods, like Dionysus, have been "imported" by eastern civilizations.One thing to notice is that the ancient Greek gods were gods because of their supernatural powers and eternity, not their character. They were far different from the modern notion of gods. The Olympian Gods were weak in nature and had faults, while they frequently merged with mortals and interfered with their lives. Actually, the ancient Greek gods were copies of human characters and society.

Greek Gods

GREEK GODS
ZEUS - Zeus is Greek mythology, the god of heaven and ruler of the Olympian gods. Zeus corresponds to the Roman god Jupiter.
HERA - Hera in Greek mythology, queen of the gods, daughter of Titans Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus.
HEPHAESTUS - Hephaestus, in Greek mythology, god of fire and metallurgy, the son of Zeus and Hera or, in some accounts, only son of Hera.
ARTEMIS - Artemis or Artemis (mythology), in Greek mythology, one of the principal goddesses, equivalent to the Roman goddess Diana.
APOLLO - Apollo (mythology) In Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Leto, daughter of a titan.
ATHENA - Athena, one of the most important goddesses in Greek mythology. In Latin mythology, became identified with the goddess Minerva, also known as Pallas Athena.
HADES - Hades, in Greek mythology, the god of the dead. He was the son of the Titan Cronus and Rhea and brother titánide Zeus and Poseidon. When the three brothers divided the universe after overthrowing his father, Cronus, Hades was awarded to the underworld.
POSEIDON - Poseidon, in Greek mythology, the god of the sea son of the Titan Cronus and Rhea titánide, and brother of Zeus and Hades. Poseidon was the husband of Amphitrite, one of the Nereids, who bore him a son, Triton.
ARES - Ares, in Greek mythology, the god of war and son of Zeus, king of the gods, and his wife Hera.
HERMES - Hermes, in Greek mythology, messenger of the gods, son of Zeus and of Maia, the daughter of the titan Atlas.
DIONYSUS - Dionysus, god of wine and pleasure, was among the most popular Gods. The Greeks spent many festivals this god quake, and in some regions became as important as Zeus.

By : Lord Jhosué Steven and Lady Javier Burgoa

Socrates

Nació en Atenas, donde vivió durante los dos últimos tercios del siglo V a.C., la época más espléndida en la historia de su ciudad natal, y de toda la antigua Grecia. Fue hijo de Sofronisco – motivo por el que en su juventud lo llamaban "Sōkrátis iōs Sofroniskos" (Sócrates hijo de Sofronisco) –, de profesión cantero, y de Fainarate, comadrona, emparentados con Arístides el Justo.Según Plutarco, cuando Sócrates nació su padre recibió del oráculo el consejo de dejar crecer a su hijo a su aire, sin oponerse a su voluntad ni reprimirle sus impulsos.[1] [2] No obstante, ni Jenofonte ni Platón mencionan esta intervención del oráculo, lo que hace pensar que pueda ser una tradición popular muy posterior.[1]
Desde muy joven, llamó la atención de los que lo rodeaban por la agudeza de sus razonamientos y su facilidad de palabra, además de la fina ironía con la que salpicaba sus tertulias con los ciudadanos jóvenes aristocráticos de Atenas, a quienes les preguntaba sobre su confianza en opiniones populares, aunque muy a menudo él no les ofrecía ninguna enseñanza.[cita requerida] Se casó con Xantipa (o Jantipa), que era de familia noble y trataba muy mal al filósofo -de ahí que los romanos apodaran a las mujeres de mal carácter como Xantipas-. Su inconformismo lo impulsó a oponerse a la ignorancia popular y al conocimiento de los que se decían sabios, aunque él mismo no se consideraba un sabio, aun cuando uno de sus mejores amigos, Querefonte, le preguntó al oráculo de Delfos si había alguien más sabio que Sócrates, y la Pitonisa le contestó que no había ningún griego más sabio que él (Apología 21a). Al escuchar lo sucedido, Sócrates dudó del oráculo, y comenzó a buscar alguien más sabio que él entre los personajes más renombrados de su época, pero se dio cuenta de que en realidad creían saber más de lo que realmente sabían. Filósofos, poetas y artistas, todos creían tener una gran sabiduría, en cambio, Sócrates era consciente tanto de la ignorancia que le rodeaba como de la suya propia. Esto lo llevó a tratar de hacer pensar a la gente y hacerles ver el conocimiento real que tenían sobre las cosas. Asumiendo una postura de ignorancia, interrogaba a la gente para luego poner en evidencia la incongruencia de sus afirmaciones; a esto se le denominó «ironía socrática», la cual queda expresada con su célebre frase «Yo sólo sé que no sé nada» (Εν οιδα οτι ουδεν οιδα / en oida oti ouden oida). Su más grande mérito fue crear la mayéutica, método inductivo que le permitía llevar a sus alumnos a la resolución de los problemas que se planteaban por medio de hábiles preguntas cuya lógica iluminaba el entendimiento. Según pensaba, el conocimiento y el autodominio habrían de permitir restaurar la relación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza.[cita requerida]
La sabiduría de Sócrates no consiste en la simple acumulación de conocimientos, sino en revisar los conocimientos que se tienen y a partir de ahí construir conocimientos más sólidos.
Esto le convierte en una de las figuras más extraordinarias y decisivas de toda la historia; representa la reacción contra el relativismo y subjetivismo sofista, y es un singular ejemplo de unidad entre teoría y conducta, entre pensamiento y acción. A la vez, fue capaz de llevar tal unidad al plano del conocimiento, al sostener que la virtud es conocimiento y el vicio ignorancia.
El poder de su oratoria y su facultad de expresión pública eran su fuerte para conseguir la atención de las personas.
Sócrates no escribió ninguna obra porque creía que cada uno debía desarrollar sus propias ideas. Conocemos sus ideas porque Platón se basó en ellas para escribir sus diálogos

DIOSES GRIEGOS

Gods

Zeus is the king of the god in Greek Mythology. Zeus was viewed as a king who oversaw the universe. In Hesiod's Theogony, he assigns the various gods their roles. In the Homeric Hymns he is referrred to as the chieftain of the gods. He is also called the "Father of Gods and men", according to Hesiod's Theogony. He ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus in ways representative as both a father as head of the family and a king. He was the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical "cloud-gatherer" also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the Ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward, with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty.
Zeus was the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he was married to Hera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort was Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Aphrodite by Dione.He is known for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo and Artemis, Hermes, Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen, Minos, and the Muses, by Hera, he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus.

The hippocratic oath

The hippocratic oath:

The Hippocratic Oath is a document venerable moral heritage of the West, will ecumenical Antigücdad transhistorical of classical medical ethics

The original text presents the canonical structure of an oath and consists of eight clauses arranged in four parts.

1. Invocation or appeal to the gods senators, guardian deities and "first inventors" of the healing art. But do not invoke the gods for help to cure the sick and raises the measure of the human conscience, the only limits of reason and freedom.

2. Commitment, a pact or alliance within an academic community and professional obligations among its members. The medical unit is based on a dual commitment of fidelity to the master and restricted to an elite education, filial love, gratitude and love teaching the disinterest in the transmission of knowledge

3. Code, mandatory or duties of the physician to the patient according to the three branches of the healing art (dietary, pharmaceutical and surgical) and the nature of the therapeutic relationship (support and respect.) It has a certain symmetrical construction, with a central positive affirmation ("I live and practice my art so holy and pure"), preceded and followed by three major prohibitions (harm, kill, abort, operate, fornicate, report)

4. The diet, in the old sense and broad life regime, involves the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence "promote or not to harm," the primum non nocere of clubbing Latino.

5. The materia medica, or administration of drugs (both medicines and poisons in Greek), prescribes the principle of inviolability of human life from conception to the agony, prohibition of abortion and euthanasia, and the duty of purity , holiness in life and art of milkweed.

6. Surgery, manual intervention and bloody, proclaims the principle of non therapeutic mutilation or fatal or fatal diseases need.

7. Medical care is founded on the principle of philanthropy or love of humanity, and virtue of the doctor is the gentleman, being beautiful and good, noble or man.

8. The required professional secrecy or confidentiality as a principle of respect for the doctor to the patient, ensuring the friendly relationship between them, this meeting of an awareness and confidence.

9. Demand or claim of commutative justice, now the reward for the observance of the oath, now the penalty for noncompliance, focusing both on the morale and prestige of being inseparable from the medical profession. In conclusion, we hold that the noble oath is a paradoxical symbol of medical ethics, as evidenced by the separation between being and ought to be, reality and utopia of medicine. But it also contains a message corresponding to triple its three constituent parts, ie the invocation and demand in both formal oath, called the pact or alliance, and the code or professional ethics.

Loreto

http://www.mansioningles.com/vocabulario48.htm

mansion ingles

http://www.mansioningles.com/vocabulario48.htm

marta y miriam

can you tell me the century of these maps?

Islamic occupation and Asturian revolt

The kingdom was established by a hispano-visigothic nobleman Pelayo, who had returned to his country after theBattle of Guadalete where like in the similar gothic tradition of Theias he was elected by the other nobles leader of the Astures and founded the Kingdom of Asturias. However, Pelayo's kingdom initially was little more than a rallying banner for the existing guerilla forces.

In the progress of the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the main cities and administrative centers fell in the hands of Muslim troops. Control of the central and southern regions, such as the Guadalquivir and Ebro valleys, presented few problems for the newcomers, who used the existing Visigothic administrative structures, of Roman origin. However, in the northern mountains urban centers (such as Gigia) were practically nonexistent and the submission of the country had to be done valley by valley. Muslim troops often resorted to the taking of hostages to ensure the pacification of the newly conquered territory.

From: Ana y Sandra

==Major Dates==[[Image:Spanish reconquista.gifthumb300pxThe Reconquista, 790-1300]]*711: Muslim invasion begins*718: Muslim rule is at its widest extent, covering almost all of Spain and some of France.*718: Reconquista begins in far north. [[Battle of Covadonga]].*800: The Franks complete the reconquest of all the Pyrenees as the [[Marca Hispanica]].*801: The Franks reconquer [[Barcelona]].*By 914: The north-western corner of Iberia has been reconquered. Barcelona has been recaptured by Muslim forces.*1130: Half of Iberia has been reconquered.

Islamic learning

Under the Umayyads (661–750), Islamic scholarship focused on Qur'anic matters. But the ‘Abbasid dynasty which followed promoted Hellenistic and humanistic learning in accordance with the doctrines of the officially favoured Mu'tazili school of Islamic interpretation. This school was founded in Basra by Wasil ibn Ata (700–748) and held that the Qur'an is a creature of the God and that god desires only the best for man, views rejected by the Ash'ariyyah and Athariyyah ("Textualist") schools now considered orthodox Sunni Islam.

In 800, Baghdad was the largest city in the world—and the first to have a population of over 1 million.
Questiones:
How many were there Baghdad 800 years ago?

middle ages

this is a film about middel ages
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTYPFNs5LP8&feature=related

from:Marta and Miriam

The Roman Empire ruled much of Europe in ancient history. It became weaker and finally collapsed in 476. When it collapsed, its army stopped working and its communication systems (ways of people in different places talking to each other) also stopped working. This made the people in Europe unable to talk to each other and share news and facts. Because the Roman army had kept peace between different parts of Europe and defended it from other people, and the Roman army had now collapsed, there was much fighting. This time was known as the Dark ages. A famous person in the Dark Ages was King Arthur of England. We do not know if he was real or just a myth. There is a legend that he stopped the fighting in England and made peace.
After the Dark Ages, there was the Middle Ages. It is called the middle ages because it was between ancient history and modern history. It can also be called medieval times. It was a time when Europe was Christian, and the Catholic church was very powerful. The Middle Ages ended when the Renaissance started. During the Renaissance people began going to school and university more and learning more things. There was less fighting. The printing press was also made. This was a machine that made books easily and quickly. It made it easier for people to read and learn things.

Way of St. James
Main article: Way of St. James

Way of St. James
The legend that St James found his way to the Iberian peninsula, and had preached there is one of a number of early traditions concerning the missionary activities and final resting places of the apostles of Jesus. Although the 1884 Bull of Pope Leo XIII Omnipotens Deus accepted the authenticity of the relics at Compostela, the Vatican remains uncommitted as to whether the relics are those of Saint James the Great, while continuing to promote the more general benefits of pilgrimage to the site. According to a tradition that can be traced before the 12th century, the relics were said to have been discovered in 814 by Theodomir, bishop of Iria Flavia in the west of Galicia. Theodomir was guided to the spot by a star, the legend affirmed, drawing upon a familiar myth-element, hence "Compostela" was given an etymology as a corruption of Campus Stellae, "Field of Stars."
The establishment of the shrine

St. James' shell
As suggested already, it is probably impossible to know whose bones were actually found, and precisely when and how. Perhaps it does not matter. What the history of the pilgrimage requires, but what the meagre sources fail to reveal, is how the local Galician cult associated with the saint was transformed into an international cult drawing pilgrims from distant parts of the world.
The 1000 year old pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is known in English as the Way of St. James and in Spanish as the Camino de Santiago. Over 100,000 pilgrims travel to the city each year from points all over Europe and other parts of the world. The pilgrimage has been the subject of many books and television programmes, notably Brian Sewell's The Naked Pilgrim produced for UK's Five.
[edit] Pre-Christian legends
As the lowest-lying land on that stretch of coast, the city's site took on added significance. Legends supposed of Celtic origin made it the place where the souls of the dead gathered to follow the Sun across the sea. Those unworthy of going to the Land of the Dead haunted Galicia as the Santa Compaña.

Khomeini's Ghost: The Iranian Revolution and the Rise of Militant Islam.From the bestselling author of Saddam comes the definitive biography of Ayatollah Khomeini's Islamic revolution and how his fundamentalist legacy has forever influenced the course of Iran's relationship with the West. In February 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Tehran after nearly fifteen years in exile and received a hero's welcome. Just as the new world order sought to purge the communist ideologies of the Cold War, the religious doctrine of Islamic fundamentalism emerged to pose an even greater threat to post-Iron Curtain stability - and Khomeini would mastermind it into a revolution. Khomeini's Ghost is the account of how an impoverished young student from a remote area of southern Iran became the leader of one of the most dramatic upheavals of the modern age, and how his radical Islamic philosophy now is at the heart of the current conflict between Iran and the West. Con Coughlin draws on a wide variety of Iranian sources, including religious figures who knew and worked with Khomeini both in exile and in power. Compelling and timely, Khomeini's Ghost is essential reading for anyone wishing to understand what lies at the center of many of the world's most intractable conflicts.

The Early Middle Ages was the period of European history lasting from the 5th century to approximately 1000. The Early Middle Ages followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 1000 - 1300). The period saw a continuation of trends begun during the decline of the Roman Empire, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, and increased barbarian migration. In Western Europe, the period has been labeled the "Dark Ages", a characterization highlighting the paucity of literary and cultural output from this time. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, and in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swaths of formerly Roman territory.
Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the title of emperor was revived by Charlemagne, whose Carolingian Empire greatly affected later European social structure and history. Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system, which introduced such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plow. Barbarian migration stabilized in much of Europe, though the north was greatly The Early Middle Ages was the period of European history lasting from the 5th century to approximately 1000. The Early Middle Ages followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 1000 - 1300). The period saw a continuation of trends begun during the decline of the Roman Empire, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, and increased barbarian migration. In Western Europe, the period has been labeled the "Dark Ages", a characterization highlighting the paucity of literary and cultural output from this time. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, and in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swaths of formerly Roman territory.
Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the title of emperor was revived by Charlemagne, whose Carolingian Empire greatly affected later European social structure and history. Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system, which introduced such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plow. Barbarian migration stabilized in much of Europe, though the north was greatly

What was the another name of the eastern roman empire?

Church and monasticism

The Catholic Church was the major unifying cultural influence, preserving its selection from Latin learning, maintaining the art of writing, and a centralized administration through its network of bishops. Some regions that were populated by Catholics were conquered by Arian rulers, which provoked much tension between Arian kings and the Catholic hierarchy. Clovis I of the Franks is a well-known example of a barbarian king who chose Catholic orthodoxy over Arianism. His conversion marked a turning point for the Frankish tribes of Gaul.
Bishops were central to Middle Age society due to the literacy they possessed. As a result, they often played a significant role in governance. However, beyond the core areas of Western Europe, there remained many peoples with little or no contact with Christianity or with classical Roman culture. Martial societies such as the Avars and the Vikings were still capable of causing major disruption to the newly emerging societies of Western Europe.
The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism within the west. Although the impulse to withdraw from society to focus upon a spiritual life is experienced by people of all cultures, the shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated in the deserts of Egypt and Syria.The style of monasticism that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobitism, was pioneered by the saint Pachomius in the 4th century. Monastic ideals spread from Egypt to western Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries through hagiographical literature such as the Life of Saint Anthony.
Saint Benedict wrote the definitive Rule for western monasticism during the 6th century, detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot.The style of monasticism based upon the Benedictine Rule spread widely rapidly across Europe, replacing small clusters of cenobites. Monks and monasteries had a deep effect upon the religious and political life of the Early Middle Ages, in various cases acting as land trusts for powerful families, centres of propaganda and royal support in newly conquered regions, bases for mission, and proselytization. They were the main outposts of education and literacy.

Hi!

I found a game, well, i did it, tomorrow i upload it.
It Is a crossword

Marta A

How do you say ``campanario´´??? It's bells tower
How do you say ``roseton´´??? It's rose widow
How do you say ``porche´´??? It's porch
How do you say ``arco perpiaño´´??? It's ribbed arch

another gothic cathedral

a church in the medieval times

Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. As a genre, it is generally believed to have been invented by the English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto.
The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of Romantic literary pleasures that were relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel. Melodrama and parody (including self-parody) were other long-standing features of the Gothic initiated by Walpole.
Gothic literature is intimately associated with the Gothic Revival architecture of the same era. In a way similar to the gothic revivalists' rejection of the clarity and rationalism of the neoclassical style of the Enlightened Establishment, the literary Gothic embodies an appreciation of the joys of extreme emotion, the thrills of fearfulness and awe inherent in the sublime, and a quest for atmosphere. The ruins of gothic buildings gave rise to multiple linked emotions by representing the inevitable decay and collapse of human creations—thus the urge to add fake ruins as eyecatchers in English landscape parks. English Gothic writers often associated medieval buildings with what they saw as a dark and terrifying period, characterized by harsh laws enforced by torture, and with mysterious, fantastic, and superstitious rituals. In literature such Anti-Catholicism had a European dimension featuring Roman Catholic excesses such as the Inquisition

LETRA DE LA CANCION THE BOYS DOES NOTHING

I got a man with two ___ feetAnd when he dances down to the ___I really ____ that he should knowThat his _____ go go goI got a _____ with two left feetAnd when he ____ down to the beatI really think that he should know___his rhythms go go go[Chorus]Does he _____up?Never wash upDoes he _____up?No, he never _____upDoes he _____up?Never brushed upHe does nothing the boy does____[Repeat chorus]Hey boy how you _____I got a _____ linesWhere do I beginAnd I _____ here, been there_____I saw you at the cornerMy _____ kicked inAnd two fieldsI clock you_____ tight jeansA real nice suitHe was smiling _____ youWas just_____I asked him for a danceHe said yes please!Take a sip of dancing __________s onto youThrough the left and to the _____Everybody _____ the rhythmIt's on tonightI'm ______ feel the heat within my soulI need a man to take controlLet the _____ blow you _____Does he _____ up?Never wash upDoes he _____up? No he never cleaned upDoes he _____ up? Never brushed upHe does nothing the boy does _____[Repeat chorus]Work it out nowWork it, _____ it out _____Do the mumbo_____ it all around nowEverybody on the _____Let me _____you clap your _____I wanna see you workI _____see you move your body in _____I wanna see you shake your hips and learnI wanna see you workI wanna see you _____ your body and turnI wanna see you shake your _____ and learnI wanna see you work it, work it, work it out nowDoes he _____up? Never wash upDoes he _____ up? no, he never cleans upDoes he _____? Never brushed upHe does nothing the boy does nothing

Paris, the former Lutece was evangelized from the third century. There were about 250 Christian enough for the Pope Fabian sent there as the first bishop Dionysius, St. Denis became our patron saint of Paris. Christians being persecuted while in Gaul as in all the Christian Empire, Bishop Denis was secretly worship without doubt in a single room of a Gallo-Roman. Denis moreover been martyred some years later with his assistants on Mount Mercury, named for Mount Martyrum (Montmartre). His successors have lived in hiding until the peace of the Church decided by the Emperor Constantine in 313.

This map is from the Literary and Historical Atlas of Europe, by J.G. Bartholomew, 1912. It is in the public domain and you may download it or print it for any use. Click it to return to the smaller version.

Plan interactif

Vues panoramiques 360°

Au cœur de l’Île de la Cité

Historique de la construction

1500 ans de musique sacrée à Notre Dame

Grandes Figures et Personnalités

La façade occidentale

Portails

Eléments architecturaux

Les Orgues

Vitraux

Peintures

Statuaire

Trésor

Mobilier

Cloches et horloge

La cathédrale en chiffres

Visites offertes par la Cathédrale

Espace jeunesse

This map is from the Literary and Historical Atlas of Europe, by J.G. Bartholomew, 1912. It is in the public domain and you may download it or print it for any use. Click it to return to the smaller version.

http://www.isftic.mepsyd.es/w3/eos/MaterialesEducativos/bachillerato/arte/arte/x-media/got-ciud.htm

Derecho de Pernada middle age

Kings and some Knight Could make the love with others women, she couldn`t say “no”, she must make the love with landlord.We can`t know why the landlords wanted to make the love with her, some people think, there was a right to make the love with her, other people think, it was a ritual.